What process describes using technology as a basis for controlling the access and usage of sensitive data?

Technical controls.

Explanation:

In a network, data is transmitted in form of packets and frames within a network or between networks. Users with authorised access to a network and a end device can easily access its services with the required tools.

Cyber attackers exploit vulnerabilities in networks to access information and services. For this technical control means are implemented. It uses technology as a mean of controlling access to networks and information.

Technologies like firewall, intrusion detection and prevention devices, antivirus and encryption are examples of technical control mechanism for access control.