Which term refers to the act of gathering information about the security profile of a computer system or organization, undertaken in a methodological manner?

"Foot-printing" is the correct answer for the above question.

Explanation:

"Foot-printing" is a hacking technique that is used by the hacker to gather information about the machine or the computer system. It is used by some person who wants to access the information in an unauthorized manner for the wrong purpose. This concept is used to gather the security information also to do the large scam. The above question asked about that terms which are used to gather the security information in an unauthorized way. So the answer is "Foot-printing" which is described above.