History: Of whom was it said that if her nose had been shorter the history of the world would have been different?

Cleopatra.

Explanation:

The quote "Cleopatra's nose, had it been shorter, the whole face of the world would have been changed" was said by the famous French mathematician Blaise Pascal. It was part of the posthumously edited writings of Pascal in 1669 titled "Pensees / Thoughts".

According to the belief of ancient times and also the seventeenth century belief, a person's physiognomy plays an important role in determining the character of that person. A large nose, like that of Cleopatra's, signify the dominance and strength of the person. If not for her, then there wouldn't have been the fall of Caesar or Antony, the great men of Rome. This would have stopped them from falling under her spell, thus averting the many wars and conflicts that changed the history of the world.