What is the term for words from different languages that look similar and mean the same thing?

I don't know if this is specifically what you mean, but if they have the same origin, they would be

cognates.

For example, Spanish and Portuguese words for home, which are both written "casa" but pronounced slightly differently, are cognates!

Or they could be loan words, if we know that the word in one language speficically "came" from another language.