In the book 1984

Who is the war actually waged against and by whom?

In the Book 1984, the war is actually waged against totalitarianism, repressive regimentation omnipresent government surveillance, historical negationism, and propaganda. The victims are all the persons in the society, that live under the eyes of Big Brother.

Explanation:

The author of this book, George Orwell, says that the war is against these subjects that want to keep the structure of society intact. The war is not in search of territory and land, is due to totalitarianism, communism, mass surveillance, and violations of freedom of expression.