What is the suggested or implied meaning or emotion associated with a word beyond its literal meaning

That is called conotation. I like to think of it is "denotation" starts with a d, like in dictionary, so you know that is the real meaning of the word. With connotation, you have a word that would give you a sort of feeling when read. For example, when you read, "baby dolphins" you think, oh cute! That is connotation.