What are primary effects of earthquake damage (those that cause direct damage to buildings, infrastructure, and the landscape) ?

Primary effects of earth quake damage are

ground shaking, surface faulting, ground failure, and less commonly, tsunamis.

Ground shaking is a term used to describe the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. Ground shaking is caused by body waves and surface waves.

Surface faulting is the differential movement of the two sides of a fracture at the Earth's surface and can be strike-slip, normal, and reverse.

Tsunamis are water waves that are caused by sudden vertical movement of a large area of the sea floor during an undersea earthquake.

These effects has direct damages on those buildings, infrastructure and landscape.