What do you think might happen if all the energy that was not absorbed were to leave the atmosphere and go back out into space?

Temperatures extremes.

Explanation:

If the energy that came in the form of incoming solar radiation on the earth did not reach the ground or faded away before reaching the earth's surface the earth would have become a cold planet like pluto far and secluded. Sun plays a major and big role in the formation of the earth what it is today. Sun's rays besides giving light to the solar system also a contributor to the heat energy that reaches the greater depth of the oceans and warms the landmasses from above also it acts to balance the earth's entire circulatory tilt in a flow. If the planet was left without the sun then life would not have existed on the planet as the root driving factor would have been lost, in other terms such type of hypothesis would have not been possible due to gravitational pull and other factors like density.