How have scientists been able to determine the compostion of earths layers

The Earth is made up of the crust, the mantle and the core. Scientists have been able to perform experiments to determine the crusts composition.

It is widely accepted that the Earth's interior is composed of several layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. Since the crust is readily accessible, scientists have been able to perform hands-on experiments to determine its composition; studies on the more distant mantle and core have more limited opportunities samples, so scientists also rely on analyses of seismic waves and gravity, as well as magnetic studies.