Which of the following factors has a direct effect on precipitation and climate A. Large mountain range B. The constant movement of the continental plates. C. Arch dams built to control flooding D. The constant movement of glaciers

I would focus on the precipitation part: what can influcence precipitation?

One thing that can influence it is if something blocks it, such as huge mountains! So Mountains can block precipitation and the flow of air, having a direct effect on the climate. The correct answer is therefore A.