The presidency of james monroe can be characterized by nationalism vs

. spiritualism

. modernism

. sectionalism

. patriotism

James Monroe was characterized by nationalism vs sectionalism.

Though he had promoted the feel of nationalism in the country because of the war victories. Literature in his period promoted nationalism through writings and paintings. However, he displayed sectionalism when he decided to sell public lands, the uneven taxes given to people and industries, Missouri Compromise (state segregation of race).