In 1954, the Supreme Court handed down a unanimous decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and began the process of national integration of public schools. In response, southern legislators in Congress signed a statement of opposition to the court's decision.

Read the declaration of resistance to Brown v. Board of Education, which has been called the Southern Manifesto. Then write a brief essay of one to two pages examining the following question:

Why did the authors of the Southern Manifesto claim that Chief Justice Earl Warren's decision was a threat to the US constitutional order? Consider what type of arguments they make. Can you link their argument to any other situations in US history?

The case of Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was a major change of social treatment of the colored people in United States of America. During the Cold War Era the United States and the Union Socialist of Soviet Russia tried to win other country to join in their side to stand against the other superpower. United States even though a country that fight in the name of democracy is a big irony because the way they treat the African American especially in the field of Education.

The case became a big issue due that the entire population was divided whether to be pro or against it. Even though after the civil war the blacks we're given freedom from slavery the fight for equality and discrimination continues until the cold war era.

After the unanimous decision of the Supreme Court in support of racial desegregation massive riots and demonstrations occurs all over the country. The opposition view the decision as a threat of the constitution because they see as an abuse of power of the Judicial Department. One of the largest opposition is the Southern Manifesto of the Virginia state where many schools closed to fight the decision of the Supreme Court which one of the reasons of why it is approved is based on social science which it is irresponsible way to based large cases like this.

Opposition views the decision as unconstitutional because the constitution does not include the way Education should be and the power is given to every states and not in the central government. Also the decision of the Supreme Court sparked chaos and confusion and a change in this scale unbalanced and cause strain between the relation of the blacks and the whites.

Such scenarios and arguments can be linked with the American Civil war between the South and the North where North support black freed from slavery led by President Abraham Lincoln while support wants to continue the slavery system. Also the civil war event also can be link with the event because it is the same with the issue of the Central Government trying to intervene in the states decision dividing the entire population of the country.