What are the reasons or causes for the end of the middle ages?

the reasons or causes for the end of the middle ages could be rise of reformation and protestantism and also emerging of absolutism which ended the universalism which characterized the Hogh and Late Middle Ages, also free trade and amrket was slowly replaced by mercantilism, but we most remeber that historical periods are created for comfort by historians we should not look on history through the glass called 'historical period'