What are the main problems of evidence in dealing with early civilizations? to what extent have scholars managed to resolve some of these problems

Many early civilizations used primarily oral means to pass knowledge down, through myths, legend, epics, and songs, which is not as concrete as many historical scholars would prefer. Realizing that oral history is better than no history at all, scholars have embraced studying oral forms of history in addition to decaying bits of parchment and stone.