How do the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations differ from

the civilizations of Mesopotamia?

Answer: 1) geographically European, 2) the "bridge" between Egyptian civilization and Greek ancient civilization, 3) both destroyed by natural distaster (at least partly) which cannot be said about Mesopotamia because in Mesopotamia there many civilization following one after another (Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian ...), 4) Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations had their writing different from that which existed in Mesopotamia.

Explanation: cuineiform writing (the oldest known writing) belongs to Mesopotamia whereas Minoan and Mycenaean cultures used so-called linear writing A and B.

The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations were maritime or sea-going and trading economies. The Mesopotamian civilizations were primarily land locked and dependent upon agricultural economies along with land based trade routes.