What term refers to the recurring process of consolidation, expansion, and dissolution in regards to the rise and fall of civilizations?

It's the Coercion Theory

Explanation:

This theory was first proposed by Ralf Dahrendorf to explain how political power works in society. According to him, every society is founded on principles of force and constraint, on the domination of some, and the subjection of others. This cycle of dominance is based on the idea that society, after its consolidation, must expand (the subjection of the other), and after years of prosperity, it should be dissolved by the same population that was under control.