In 1099 the Crusaders: attacked the Muslim homeland at Mecca. were defeated by Islamic forces in Egypt. were led by Richard the Lionhearted and Frederick Barbarossa. attacked Jewish settlements in Cologne and Speyer. seized Jerusalem, slaughtering many Muslim, Christian, and Jewish residents of the city.

Seized Jerusalem, slaughtering many Muslim, Christian, and Jewish residents of the city.

Explanation:

The First Crusade had begun after the call of Pope Urban II during the Clermont Council to conquer the Holy Land from the Muslims. The siege of Jerusalem was a siege that took place between June 7 and July 15, 1099, during the First Crusade. The Crusaders managed to penetrate and conquer the holy city of Jerusalem that was in the hands of the Fatimid caliphate of Egypt. Once the Crusaders got into the city they began to carry out a massacre in which almost all the inhabitants of Jerusalem died. The massacre lasted during the afternoon, night and morning of the next day. Muslims, Jews, and even some Christians were massacred in an outbreak of indiscriminate violence. Many Muslims sought refuge in the mosque of Al-Aqsa where, according to a famous story by Gesta Francorum, "the carnage was so great that our men walked with blood at the height of their ankles ..."