Which European city was known in the early seventeenth century as a haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain?

It was Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. It became a sanctuary for Huguenots, the French Calvinists, who suffered persecution in France, and also for Jews who had flown from Spain and Portugal where their options were to convert or to be burned. There they could settle and worship. Jews invested in the local stock market and opened synagogues in Amsterdam.