Why was the Shang Dynasty once called China's "mother culture"?

The Shang Dynasty ruled China for 500 years and it was very important for the Chinese culture. This Dynasty was stable which led to great cultural advances, for example, the use of bronze casting, the creation of the calendar, development of writing and textiles such as silk. Also, during this period a series of musical instruments were developed such as ocarina, drums, and cymbals.

A. It gave birth to Chinese literature.

b. Its Yellow River Valley was believed to be the heart of Chinese civilization

c. It allowed intermarriage among ancient ruling classes, which expanded its aristocracy.

d. Its leaders were also the country's major intellectuals and philosophers.

e. It embraced a matrilineal system.