why did large states like virginia support a more powerful federal government while small states like new jersey wanted the states to retain power

Large states favored a more powerful government because the diverse interests of a large republic would provide checks and balances to preserve the common good. Also power to tax and regulate commerce and there would be major structural changes. In small states give congress the power to regulate commerce and tax, while keeping the basic structure of the confederation. All of the states are equal small or less.