many of the important scientist who worked on early space programs in the U. S. and soviet union came from what axis country during ww2?

Germany

Explanation:

One of the lists of specialists needed in the rear was made by Professor Werner Ozenberger, head of the Defense Research Association and contractor of the German Navy. Based on his data, the Americans removed about 1800 scientists, technicians, and engineers from Germany. The Soviets were also actively working with human potential in their area of occupation. The NKVD was preparing the special operation and in one night on October 22, 1946, brought 2,200 nuclear scientists, rocket scientists, chemists, opticians, and radio technicians to the USSR.