Which Buddhist concept states that an individual is punished or rewarded depending on the nature of his or her actions?

Karma: is a transcendent energy (invisible and immeasurable) that is generated from the acts of people. Also known as a spirit of justice and / or balance. It is a central belief in the doctrine of Buddhism.

Generally karma is interpreted as a cosmic "law" of retribution, or of cause and effect. It refers to the concept of "action" understood as that which causes the beginning of the cycle of cause and effect. According to karma, each of the successive reincarnations would be conditioned by the acts performed in previous lives.