Which factors contributed to the endnof open-range cattle ranching in the mid 1880s

One factor was barbed wire. As farmers and ranchers wisened up, they used the wire to fence in their cattle, destroying the use of cowboys, and taking away one aspect of the "wide open west".

Herds of cattle took over the plains and destroyed the grass. In 1883 t big drought struck and water streams dried up and prairie fires grazed. Also the barbed wire and the natural disasters. People wanted to be able to mark their property.