Affirmative action programs are primarily intended to.

Allan Bakke believed he had been rejected for admission solely because of his

1.) encourage diversity

2.) race

Affirmative action programs aim to promote education and employment opportunities for those groups that have been historically excluded or underrepresented in society, such as women, people of color, minorities, and natives (depending on the country), and through this way, it seeks to encourage diversity.

Allan was rejected based on his race.