Identify sources and types of law.

case law

law established based on the outcome of former court cases

civil law

law that deals with relationships between people (rather than relationships between people and the government)

code of Hammurabi

a written code of rules that guided the ancient society of Babylon; dates back to 1772 B. C.

common law

law based on customs and prior legal decisions; used in civil cases

constitutional law

law that focuses on interpreting the U. S. Constitution

criminal law

law that deals with crimes and the punishments for those crimes

juvenile law

law that deals with people who are under the age of 18

military law

laws that apply only to people in the military

administrative law/regulation

a rule that a government agency makes to enforce a law

statute

laws passed by Congress or a state legislature

precedent

a rulings from earlier in similar cases that is used as a basis for new cases

writ of habeas corpus

court order that requires police to bring a prisoner before a judge and decide if they were lawfully imprisoned.

bill of attainder

a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without trial or a fair hearing.

ex post facto law

a law that punishes a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed. "after the fact"

due process

legal process

search warrant

a court order to search seize evidence

exclusionary law

rule that states any evidence gained illegally may not be used in a trial and violates the 4th amendment

miranda warning

list of rights police must inform a person when arrested

double jeopardy

found in the 5th amendment, it states that you cannot be tried twice of the same crime if you were acquitted or found not guilty

14th amendment

requires equal justice of the law to all people and due process

5th amendment

rights to protect an accused person

4th amendment

protects against unreasonable search and seizures and must have probable cause for a search warrant

6th amendment

right to a speedy trial, right to have a lawyer, right to a jury, right to witnesses,

8th amendment

outlaws excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments

contract

a set of promises between agreeing parties that is enforced by law

property law

rules/laws when buying and selling land or a building.

family law

laws applied to family, birth, adoption, marriage, divorce, death.

personal injury

laws that involve wrongful actions that cause injury to another person or damages to their property

torts

types of of personal injuries - intentional and/or negligent

plaintiff

person who files a lawsuit

defendant

the person being sued

summons

document that tells the defendant that he or she is being sued

prosecution

in a criminal case, the government is the plaintiff and start the legal process against the defendant

indictment

charged with a crime

arraignment

the accused pleads guilty or not guilty

plea bargain

the prosecution charges the defendant with a less serious crime in return for a guilty plea