Which type of gangs does bartollas suggest emerged in the political climate of the 1960s?

Supergangs are the type of gangs Bartollas suggest which emerged in the political climate of the 1960s. It was after the 1919 race riot, where Black males formed gangs to confront hostile White gang members who were terrorizing the African American communities. The late 1960s saw the emergence of a few "super gangs" whose political and economic activities attracted much attention. These ''supergangs'' become citywide criminal entrepreneurial organizations involved in drug dealing, extortion, and contract violence.