The differing opinions of John Quincy Adams and John C. Calhoun are most directly related to larger debates over A. the Texas Revolution and the debate over slave territories in the United States. B. the Market Revolution and the Southern expansion of slavery on cotton plantations. C. the Missouri Compromise and the question of slavery in the United States. D. Nat Turner's Rebellion and the Southern response to civil unrest over slavery.

B. the Market Revolution and the Southern expansion of slavery on cotton plantations.

Explanation:

It was a severe clash of interests between John Quincy Jones who was the President of the United States at the time and John C Calhoun who was his vice-president.

John Calhoun was from South Carolina and represented the interests of the Southerners who had huge cotton plantations with slaves working on them. Cotton was the raw material which the Southerners exported to Britain.

The President, John Quincy Adams in an effort to protect the burgeoning manufacturing industries which were predominantly in North America introduced taxes and tariffs on imported goods in a bid to encourage local manufacturing.

The tariffs didn't go down well with the Southerners as they felt that it would dampen the Southern economy.

Led by vice president Calhoun, they kicked against the tariff hike and introduced the 'Theory of Nullification' in an attempt to fight and scuttle the tariff hike.

The Theory of Nullification is a reference to the part of the American constitution which said that member states could rebel and reject federal laws which were not favorable to them.

This led to the Market Revolution and the expansion of slavery on the cotton plantations