Select all of the factors that enabled racism to become institutionalized in the United States following the end of the Reconstruction period. The Supreme Court affirmed the principle of "separate but equal" in Plessy v. Ferguson.

Federal troops were removed from southern states.

Southern state governments repealed laws that limited African-Americans' ability to vote.

The federal government banned the application of grandfather clauses to new laws.

The Republican Party regained control of state governments in the South.

The factors that enabled racism to become institutionalized in the United States following the end of the Reconstruction period were:

-The Supreme Court affirmed the principle of "separate but equal" in Plessy v. Ferguson.

Separate but equal was a legal doctrine of the constitutional law of the United States that justified and allowed racial segregation in the country, understanding that it did not imply a violation of the fourteenth amendment of the US Constitution, guarantor of an "identical protection" under the rule of the law for all citizens. According to this doctrine, the government could allow public or private sectors such as services, facilities, accommodations, housing, medical care, education, employment and transportation could be separated by race, since the quality of each of these services would be same. This phrase was notoriously used for the first time in Louisiana in 1890, although the term used in truth was "equal but separate".

This doctrine was confirmed in the judgment of the case Plessy against Ferguson of 1896 by the Supreme Court of the United States, which legalized racial segregation at the state level. Although the segregationist laws already existed before the case, this decision eventually led to segregation in the states in the era of the Jim Crow Laws, which had in fact begun in 1876, restricting the rights and civil liberties of millions of African-Americans without any pretension. of equality during the period of Reconstruction. In subsequent years 18 states adopted segregationist laws, restricting the rights of blacks.

-Federal troops were removed from southern states.

The withdrawal of federal troops from the southern states made African Americans unprotected against racial segregation by the southern population. The southern states sanctioned laws against the black population, and their security forces endorsed the segregation.