2) How did the Great Famine, the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War, and the Great Schism create a time of crisis in Europe? H

The Great Famine struck Europe and most parts of it was affected. It caused universal crop failures for 2 years which brought extreme levels of negative effects such as diseases, and mass death. The Black Death is one of the most devastating pathogens in human history. It is estimated to have killed more than half of Europe's total population and not only Europe but it has affected and killed millions of people all over the world. The Hundred Years War caused more trouble since it occured during the Great Famine and The Black Plague, more people were killed. Civil wars further increased the destruction and disintegration of the society. The Great Shism caused an uproar since everyone knows that the European church is a big player in the state and that it's destruction would mean the destruction of Europe, and then conflicts inside the church happened against some other Pope which led to the church getting divided into two churches. the conflict between the two religous leaders on both churches had a damaging effect on the population and the churches itself.