The Counter-Reformation was

a. the rise of Calvinists against Lutherans.

b. the rise of Catholics against Lutherans

c. the spiritual reform of the Catholic church.

d. the spiritual reform of the Lutheran church

The Counter-Reformation was c) the spiritual reform of the Catholic church. The Counter-Reformation was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation and was a Catholic resurgence. It was based on four ideas: 1) ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration 2) religious orders 3) spiritual movements 4) political dimensions.