Which of the following philosophies directly contributed to the start of the Enlightenment in the 17th century?

The philosophers are René Descartes and David Hume used "rational skepticism" to ensure that their thinking was based on logic and not on prejudice

The Enlightenment heralded a new willingness to question authority in all areas of life. Scientific discoveries increased rapidly, and the questioning of the monarchy led to political reform and revolution

Disciplines such as natural history, modern science, and natural law were all born out of the Enlightenment. Ideas such as the separation of church and state, religious tolerance, and free speech were also fruits of the Enlightenment.

Thomas Jefferson drafted the The Declaration of Independence. He served as the third President of the United States and founded the University of Virginia.

The Declaration of Independence captures in a succinct and powerful way the relationship among humanism, Enlightenment philosophy, and political governance. It established the idea of a new nation that was a product of the philosophies of the era.