What basic rights are guaranteed by the Constitution?

Civil liberties are about freedom. They determine what you as an individual are free to do, and what the government cannot do to infringe on your freedom. People often use the terms "civil rights" and "civil liberties" interchangeably, but they're somewhat different. Rights protect you from unfair treatment under the law. Your individual civil liberties are those - inalienable - liberties mentioned in the U. S. Constitution.