In the nineteenth century, Europeans began to expand their colonial empires by using which of the following powerful methods?

Europe in the nineteenth century drew on immense new resources created by the Industrial Revolution to underpin its expansion.

European states were more powerful in the nineteenth century and were able to field more military resources in their imperialist competition with each other. To a greater extent than before, in the nineteenth century Europe enmeshed other parts of the world in networks of trade, investment, and sometimes migration. This ultimately generated a new world economy.