What geographic and economic factors led to the development of plantation agriculture In the south?

South of the US right? Don't forget, there are other countries in the world.

Climate: southern colonies are closer to the equator, that means it has a tropical climate.

Economic: it is linked with the climate. With a diferent type of climate, you get diferent products. Why would England invest on products they could get in Europe, so they developed agriculture in the south. Cotton fields are an exemple I think.