The leaders of various germanic tribes in east francia often took the title of duke and typically defied the weak kings of east francia. question 2 options:

This is true

The kings of East Francia were not that strong because the main power came from the church. This meant that the smaller dukes would have enough power to oppose the king as long as they were on good terms with the Pope, which they were, which meant that they could do whatever they wanted and could rule their land however they wanted.