How did

the hawaiian kingdom get overthrown

A group of businessmen and sugar planters forced Queen Liliuokalani to abdicate.

The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii began with a coup d'état against Queen Liliuokalani on January 17, 1893 on the island of Oahu, by foreign residents residing in Honolulu, mostly United States citizens, and subjects of the Kingdom of Hawaii. They prevailed upon American minister John L. Stevens to call in the U. S. Marines to protect American interests, an action that effectively buttressed the rebellion. The revolutionaries established the Republic of Hawaii, but their ultimate goal was the annexation of the islands to the United States, which finally occurred in 1898.