1: Who makes laws? Federal, state or both?

2: who declares war?

Federal, state or both?

3: who forms local governments?

Federal, state or both?

4: who collects taxes?

Federal, state of both?

government exercise a range of control over the same geographic area. This system of exclusive and shared powers is the opposite of "centralized" forms of governments, such as those in England and France, under which the national government maintains exclusive power over all geographic areas.

In the case of the United States, the U. S. Constitution establishes federalism as the sharing of powers between the U. S. federal government and the individual state governments.