Compare and contrast the reasons underlying the nature, extent, and timing of the declines of the Mughal, Safavid and Ottoman Empires by the end of the eighteenth century. Why did they decline while European powers extended their "gunpowder" diplomacy and trade?

Ottoman Empire. The most long-lived of the post-Mongol Muslim empires. Grew from small empire in 1300 to encompass most of southeasternEurope by the late ... this ended when scholars obtained a ruling from Mecca that Islam did not support female rulers; At its peak in the 17th century Acheh succeeded Malacca

Ottoman Empire was considered the the sick man of Europe.

Poor management, too many bribes, no one doing their jobs.

Military took over too much power, then mismanged everything.

Other countries particularly Europe kept chipping away at the Ottomans.

Ottoman Empire vanished during WWI, and emerged as Turkey, as a modern country.