Your textbook states four general ways that, according to learning theory, punishment can be administered effectively. Three are listed below. Which one does NOT belong?

a. Punishment must be combined with the positive reinforcement of alternative, prosocial behaviors.

b. Punishment must be applied consistently and immediately.

c. Punishment must include fines or some kind of restitution.

d. Punishment must be combined with extinction.

Punishment must be combined with the positive reinforcement of alternative, prosocial behaviors.

Explanation: Punishment is an undesired, unpleasant or unpalatable action carried out or implemented to effectively control or put a stop to abnormal acts or criminal activities of the person, group of persons or Organisations involved.

Punishment has some key features which are meant to ensure it acts as a Corrective step. Punishment must be applied consistently and immediately, it should be combined with Extinction (gradual removal of an undesireable Behaviors), it may include fines or some forms of restitution.

Punishment must be aimed at ensuring that Justice is seen and known to be served by the relevant authority.