10 is 10 times as much as what

Here's the formal way to do it with algebra.

You called the mystery number "what", so let's give it the nickname of 'W'.

You said that 10 is ten times as much as 'what'.

Ten times as much as 'what' is 10W, so

10 = 10W.

Divide each side of that equation by 10: 1 = W

and there's the answer. 10 is ten times as much as ' 1'.