If a function f (x) is shifted to the left one unit, what function represents the transformation?

f (x+1)

f (x-1)

f (x) + 1

f (x) - 1

So we want to know what transformation shifts the function f (x) one unit to the left. To know that lets take a look at the argument x. So when we add 1 unti to x it becomes x+1 and it is shifted to the right. When we add - 1 to x it becomes x-1 and shifts to the left. So the answer is f (x-1).