An athlete in the early weeks of an aerobic training program develops a decreased hemoglobin concentration but does not report disproportionate fatigue. Which of the following statements is true of the athlete's decreased hemoglobin levels? a. Vitamin and mineral supplements are necessary to reverse this condition. b. Decreased hemoglobin concentrations are never a cause for concern. c. Vitamin and mineral supplements are necessary to reverse this condition d. The athlete has a low blood volume. e. The athlete has an iron deficiency.

Answer: B

Explanation: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that acts as the vehicle for oxygen and carbon dioxide from the lungs to tissues and vice-versa.

What is considered normal Hemoglobin levels vary throughout one's life, from childhood to adult life and in older adults. It even varies between women and men. In women, it also varies depending on whether they are pregnant or not.

When hemoglobin does become less than normal, it results in anemia, a condition accompanied by fatigue. Because the athlete does not have this symptom, he is not suffering from anemia, and so there is no cause for concern. Although the athlete's hemoglobin level has reduced, the absence of fatigue indicates that it is not lower than normal.