If you stretch the nephron in a kidney from end to end they would be over 40 miles long explain how this structure directly relates to the function of the kidney

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine is produced.

Explanation:

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Its basic functions are:

filtration: some substances are transferred from the blood to the nephrons.

secretion: when the filtered liquid moves through the nephron, it gains additional materials (waste and excess substances).

reabsorption: some useful substances are returned to the blood for reuse.

As a consequence of these activities urine is formed.

Nephron Anatomy

The nephron is made up of two parts:

The renal corpuscle or Malpighio corpuscle, where fluids are filtered.

The renal tubule where the filtered liquid passes.