Explain how atomic interactions determine a material to be transparent and opaque?

Explanation below.

Explanation:

It should be understood that transparency is caused through or by the transmission of light waves. This means that, If or when the energy known as the vibrational energy of a light wave is passed through the object, then the object appears clear, or transparent. And when or If the energy only causes vibrations in the surface before reflecting off the object, then the object will appear opaque, that is nontransparent.