What is the solar wind? What happens when Earth's magnetic field interacts with the solar wind? What are the Van Allen belts and how are they related to Earth's magnetic field? What are auroras and how are they related to Earth's magnetic field? Does Earth's magnetic field protect the planet from the solar wind?

Solar wind is the radiation (Photons and other particles) which are ejected from the sun. When the particles interact with the magnetic field of Earth, or any other magnetic field, the particles begin to release photons in the highest regions of the atmosphere, which are the Auroras; however, without our magnetic field, the atmosphere would be blasted off of the surface, along with massive amounts of radiation, an example of this occurring is Mars.