Explain the relationship between force, mass and acceleration in Newton's second law

Newton's second law of motion describes what happens to a body when an external force is applied to it.

Newton's second law of motion states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration. In mathematical form this is written as

F = ma

Where F is force, m is mass and a is acceleration. The math or logic behind this is that if you double the force, you double the acceleration, but if you double the mass, you cut the acceleration in half.