As far back as 1916, which famous sociologist concluded that the "universal clamor for the creation of educational certificates in all fields makes for the formation of a privileged stratum in businesses and in offices?"

The appropriate response is Max Weber. Weber was a key advocate of methodological antipositivism, contending for the investigation of social activity through interpretive means, in light of understanding the reason and implying that people join to their own particular activities. Not at all like Durkheim, he didn't trust in monocausal and rather recommended that for any result there can be different causes.