In olaudah equiano's narrative, one thing contributing to his abduction and enslavement was

The answer to this question is his parents' failure to guard him

He became a slave ever since he's a kid. In the 1700s, many European slave traders started to kidnapped children as slaves because they often gave lesser resistance.

Because of this, we can say that parents ability to protect the children from the slave traders played an important role in determining whether the children will become the slaves or not.