Six-year-old Hayley is afraid of being alone at night, doesn't like to be separated from her parents for long periods of time, hates thunder storms, and is afraid of witches who are "out to get her.". What should Hayley's parents know about Hayley's fears?

a. These fears are developmentally appropriate and should get better over time.

b. Hayley has met the criteria for an anxiety disorder and should see a psychiatrist.

c. These fears are excessive for a child her age and Hayley should see a psychiatrist.

d. Hayley should be shielded from the things that she fears; otherwise, she is likely to develop an anxiety disorder.

A) These factors are developmentally appropriate and should get better over time

Explanation:

All fears are not bad. This is common with all children to have been afraid of witches. A little fear is necessary for a positive response. Some fears are evolutionary and occur with all human beings. Some children and adults have fear about things that are outside their experience. The brain of these children always wired with protection from dangerous animals. This is the fear that all children face in their childhood. Without this fear, no one can jump headlong into things we shouldn't have.

Fear and anxiety of the toddler:

Large sounds and movements Separation Stranger Changes in the house

a. These fears are developmentally appropriate and should get better over time.