When the professor hops up from the cracked toilet seat, he is pinched on his rear. So now he is much less likely to hop up so quickly because of what contingency?

Question Options:

1) punishment by the removal of a reinforcer (comfortable toilet seat)

2) punishment by the presentation of an aversive condition

3) reinforcement by the presentation of a reinforcer

4) reinforcement by the removal of a reinforcing condition.

Answer: punishment by the presentation of an aversive condition

Explanation: Contingency is an occurrence that happens by chance.

While an aversive condition is the use of a punishment to stop a behaviour.

So, in relation to the question, whenever the professor hops from his seat, he gets pinched because the toilet seat is cracked, this can be related to aversive conditioning.